The number of babies born in 2014 in Japan was a record low of 1,003,539 and the birthrate was 1.41, significantly lower than the 2.08 necessary to maintain the population. As a result, it is projected that the Japanese population will decrease to 95 million in 2050 and 47 million in 2100. The declining birthrate and aging population are the most serious issues facing Japan. We need to recognize this situation as one critical enough to shake the foundations of Japanese society.